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Coronary artery disease includes the pathology of the coronary arteries. These arteries supply blood to the heart. Coronary artery disease affects approximately 6% of the adult population, although this prevalence has shown an increasing trend in recent years.
Coronary artery disease can present with various symptoms, but the most characteristic is angina, or chest pain. It may also be accompanied by sweating, shortness of breath, arm pain, or palpitations.
The disease most commonly affects men over 50 years of age.
To diagnose this disease, a thorough medical history and physical examination are required; however, the key diagnostic tool is cardiac catheterization.
There are essentially three pillars in the treatment of coronary artery disease. First, medical treatment, which is reserved for mild cases; second, coronary intervention; and third, coronary surgery. Different severity scales are used to decide when a patient requires percutaneous treatment or is a candidate for coronary revascularization surgery.
The first test performed on patients presenting with chest pain is an electrocardiogram. From there, depending on the severity of the case, a stress test may be done in stable cases, or cardiac catheterization may be performed directly in clear-cut cases. Catheterization provides the definitive diagnosis.
Prevention plays a very important role in this disease. Although there are isolated cases with few risk factors, the vast majority of patients have cardiovascular risk factors.
The most important measures to adopt for both primary and secondary prevention are:
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