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It is a test that allows the assessment of the anatomy of the heart and the coronary arteries, as well as the study of their function and the performance of certain treatments. This test is carried out in a hemodynamics laboratory.
Cardiac catheterization involves the insertion of catheters into the heart to assess its anatomy, the coronary arteries, and heart function, measure pressures in the heart chambers, and check for abnormal heart valves. In addition to helping diagnose certain heart diseases, it can detect congenital heart defects, atrial or ventricular septal defects, measure oxygen levels in different areas of the heart, and perform biopsies.
This procedure is performed in a hemodynamics laboratory, where the patient must remain lying still on the examination table throughout the test.
Before starting the catheterization, the insertion site—either the groin (femoral artery or vein) or the wrist—is disinfected. Local anesthesia is applied, and a catheter is inserted through the chosen site until it reaches the heart. A contrast agent is then injected through the catheter.
Using radiology equipment, the medical team ensures the catheters are correctly positioned and can visualize the arteries, veins, heart chambers, and heart function. If necessary, intracoronary prostheses, stents, or other devices can be implanted during the procedure.
Once the procedure is completed, a compression device is applied to the puncture site.
Cardiac catheterization is used to diagnose certain heart diseases and, in some cases, to treat them.
Treatments that can be performed using cardiac catheterization include:
The most common risks are hematomas at the puncture site. Less common risks include bleeding, pain, chest pain (angina), arrhythmias, and abdominal bleeding if the catheter is inserted through the groin.
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