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Together with haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis is an extra-renal filtration procedure. Kidney failure is treated with dialysis, a word that means “pass through”, and which uses the patient’s peritoneum as a filter. The peritoneum is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and it has a large surface area of around one square metre. This peritoneal membrane can filter out substances that need to be removed from the body (urea, potassium, phosphorus and many others) when filled with a glucose-rich dialysis fluid that encourages waste to be passed from the patient’s blood into it.
The procedure is as follows: a catheter is inserted into the navel for introducing the dialysis fluid. This fluid is left in the peritoneal cavity for some time and then exchanged for new fluid. This is repeated several times.
Peritoneal dialysis can be performed at the patient’s home and also at night, which is an important factor to maintain the patient's quality of life.
Possible complications of peritoneal dialysis are peritonitis or infection of the dialysis fluid which can lead to infection and inflammation of the peritoneum. Treatment with antibiotics is effective for this complication.
Haemodialysis is usually considered to an intermediary step between advanced kidney failure and a kidney transplant.
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